Conjugator | Forms

Number	Person	R1	PostR1	R2	PostR2	R3	Suffix	Result
sing	I	d	a	r	a	s	tu	darastu
sing	you (m)	d	a	r	a	s	ta	darasta
sing	you (f)	d	a	r	a	s	ti	darasti
sing	he	d	a	r	a	s	a	darasa
sing	she	d	a	r	a	s	at	darasat
dual	you 2	d	a	r	a	s	tumā	darastumā
dual	they 2 (m)	d	a	r	a	s	ā	darasā
dual	they 2 (f)	d	a	r	a	s	atā	darasatā
plur	we	d	a	r	a	s	nā	darasnā
plur	you (m)	d	a	r	a	s	tum	darastum
plur	you (f)	d	a	r	a	s	tunna	darastunna
plur	they (m)	d	a	r	a	s	ū	darasū
plur	they (f)	d	a	r	a	s	na	darasna

Taking a closer look at verbal forms it is seen that every verbal form generally consists of 9 elements: (Prefix, PreR1, R1, PostR1, R2, PostR2, R3, PostR3, Suffix). All of these elements are shown in the table above. The value of Result is the concatenation of all ingredients.

Use the Modus/Tempus, Form and Genus selectors above to see the elements at work. This can be done in either Xliteration (Transliteration, Latin) or Arabic script. Note that the Latin root letters are ordered transliterations of Arabic letters, see LETTER.

The verbal forms in the table above are generated by simply inserting the desired root (R1,R2,R3) into the applicable morpheme types, see MORPH. It is important to note that root letters hamza, wāw or yā' generally require additional rules. This also applies to verbs of Typology Geminated and to Form IX verbs. For all sets of additional rules, see RULE.

Table 2 below summarizes Prefix and Suffix for all Persons and Modus/Tempus. Prefix and Suffix are both seen to be governed by Modus/Tempus: there is no Prefix for Modus/Tempus=(perfectum, imperativus); for Modus/Tempus=(imperfectum) there is a Prefix depending on Person which can assume values (',n,t,y). Suffix depends on Modus/Tempus and Person: each Modus/Tempus has its specific Suffixes for every Person.

PreR1 has a dependency on Modus/Tempus, yet also reflects the Form that is selected. Form IV has PreR1='a in (perfectum, imperativus); both Form V and VI have PreR1=(a)ta; Form VII has PreR1=in/an; Form X has PreR1=ista/asta. PostR1 solely depends on Form for Form II-X. Note the similarity between Form III and VI, both having PostR1=ā; Form VIII has the unique property of PostR1=ta. PostR2 reflects the doubling of R2 for Form II and V.
Form IX has the unique property of R3 doubling which is reflected by PostR3. Forms II, III and IV have PreR1=u in imperfectum, whereas the corresponding PostR2 vowel=i. Forms V, VI and IX share the property of PostR2=a. Note that the PostR2 vowels for Forms I correspond to the particular Form that has been selected, recalling e.g. that Form=I-au has PostR2=a in perfectum and PostR2=u in imperfectum.

Passive verbal forms display less variability in voweling patterns as compared to active verbal forms. They are easily derived from their active counterparts by modifying the voweling patterns. For perfectum: PostR2 vowel is set to i, all preceding vowels to u. For imperfectum: PreR1 vowel is set to u, all following vowels are set to a. Prefix and Suffix do not change. Passive for Form VII is very rare and there is no passive for Form IX.